Changes of Bone Turnover Markers in Long Bone Nonunions Treated with a Regenerative Approach

Table 3

Circulating BTM levels (concentration/litre) measured in all patients.

	V1 (BM harvest)	V4 (6 wks)	V4 versus V1	V5 (12 wks)	V5 versus V1	V6 (24 wks)	V6 versus V1
	Mean ± SEM; Median; Min–max	Mean ± SEM; Median; Min–max	value	Mean ± SEM; Median; Min–max	value	Mean ± SEM; Median; Min–max	value
BAP (μg/l)	20.11 ± 2.63	23.71 ± 3.24	0.035	23.55 ± 3.22	0.011	21.10 ± 1.99	0.412
	14.61	20.81		19.73		20.52
	7.71–66.74	9.82–88.16		9.53–86.48		8.01–51.80
CTX (μg/l)	0.81 ± 0.10	0.62 ± 0.08	0.028	0.65 ± 0.10	0.014	0.62 ± 0.08	0.073
	0.75	0.51		0.50		0.56
	0.14–2.50	0.28–2.15		0.20–2.11		0.13–1.84
int-OC (μg/l)	8.78 ± 0.56	7.28 ± 0.48	0.001	8.06 ± 0.62	0.036	8.58 ± 0.75	0.421
	9.26	7.85		8.18		8.47
	3.82–12.96	3.51–10.91		3.80–13.86		3.22–14.24
N-mid OC (μg/l)	14.88 ± 1.91	13.13 ± 1.86	0.016	13.37 ± 2.12	0.290	14.42 ± 1.89	0.330
	13.76	10.62		11.38		11.81
	1.35–47.08	4.51–42.94		1.91–51.30		2.28–34.67
OPG (pmol/l)	5.96 ± 0.75	5.81 ± 0.79	0.241	6.55 ± 0.87	0.056	5.48 ± 0.70	0.465
	4.51	5.12		5.44		4.37
	1.63–16.11	1.53–19.48		1.45–18.90		1.62–14.55
PICP (μg/l)	121.26 ± 16.55	106.47 ± 15.33	0.016	113.44 ± 12.88	0.987	142.81 ± 18.48	0.570
	97.23	88.14		105.83		106.99
	51.46–466.34	36.40–418.68		40.79–357.58		65.02–385.51
RANKL (pg/l)	0.19 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.06	0.455	0.14 ± 0.02	0.022	0.15 ± 0.03	0.149
	0.20	0.14		0.14		0.08
	0.00–0.46	0.00–1.33		0.00–0.45		0.00–0.62

V1: visit 1; V4: visit 4; V5: visit 5; V6: visit 6; BAP: bone alkaline phosphatase; CTX: cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen; int-OC: intact osteocalcin; N-mid OC: N-terminal/midregion osteocalcin; OPG: osteoprotegerin; PICP: C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand.