Functional Test Scales for Evaluating Cell-Based Therapies in Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury

Table 3

Primate models of spinal cord injury (SCI) and suitable test scales.

Target	Thoracic SCI			Cervical SCI
Scale	Babu			Nout
Reference	Suresh Babu et al., 2000; bonnet monkey			Nout et al., 2012; rhesus monkeys
Category 1	Category II	Category III	Score	Category I	Category II	Category III	Score
Reflex	Grasping		0–3	Locomotion	General	Forward movement	0–2
	Hopping	Low speed	0–3			Number of limbs used	0–4
		Medium speed	0–3			Number of perches reached	0–4
		High speed	0–3			Number of cups reached	0–5
	Righting		0–2			Truncal instability	0–2
	Extension withdrawal		0–2		Maximum score		17
	Pressure withdrawal		0–2		Hind limb	Extent of movements	0–8
	Pain withdrawal		0–2			Presence of weight support	0–3
	Placing		0–2			Presence of stepping	0–4
Runways	Runways	Wide runway	0–5			Ability and extent of use of the hind limb	0–6
		Narrow beam 1	0–5		Maximum score		21
		Narrow beam II	0–5		Forelimb	Extent of movements	0–8
	Grid runways	4 cm intervals	0–5			Presence of weight support	0–10
		5 cm intervals	0–5			Presence of stepping	0–4
		6 cm intervals	0–5			Ability and extent of use of the forelimb	0–6
		7 cm intervals	0–5		Maximum score		28
ect.	Treadmill test	Low speed	0–5	Hand function	Posture of the animal during object manipulation		0–5
		Medium speed			Use of the impaired hand for support and movement of the object		0–8
		High speed			Grasping method used		0–2
	Inclined plane test	Low degree	0–5		Extent of wrist and digit movements		0–6
		Medium degree			Maximum score		21
		High degree
Maximum score (=normal)			67	Maximum score (=normal)			87