Mesenchymal Stem Cell Benefits Observed in Bone Marrow Failure and Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Table 1

MSC transplantation in BMF and AA animal models.

Reference	Mice model	Gender	Age (weeks)	BMF induction method	Cell source	MSC profile	Number of transplanted MSC	A.R.	Evidence of MSC efficacy
[22]	Balb/c	F	6-7	Irradiation (5.5 Gy)	BM-MSC	CD34^−, CD45^−, CD105^+, CD29^+, CD44^+, and Sca-1^+	2.5 × 10^7	EV	↑ WBC and PLT in PB, CFU-F, and CFU-GM; ↑ BMC; ↓ apoptotic cells in BM
[23]	Balb/c	M	6	Irradiation (5.8 Gy)	UC-MSC + ECSOD	CD14^−, CD73^+, CD90^+, CD105^+, CD44^+, CD29^+, CD34^−, CD45^−, CD19^−, and HLA-DR^−	1 × 10^6	EV	↑ WBC, PLT, RBC, HB; Attenuate upregulation of apoptotic genes (p16, p21, p53, and NOX4); ↑ BM cells and megakaryocyte; ↓ apoptotic cells
[24]	Balb/c	F	6	Irradiation (7 Gy)	hUC-MSC	CD105^+ and CD34^−	NI	NI	↑ WBC in PB and BMC; ↑ levels of hematopoietic cytokines (Flt3L and TGF-β1)
[100]	Balb/c	F	8	Irradiation (4 Gy) + lymph node cell infusion	Multiplacentas pooled cells	NI	1 × 10^7	IP	Higher survival; ↑ HB
[114]	Balb/c	NI	NI	Irradiation (8 Gy)	CB-MSC	CD45^−, CD34^+, CD29^+, CD44^+, CD117^−, and Sca-1^+	NI	NI	↑ survival and gain body weight; ↑CFU-GM; ↑ Treg cells; ↓ suppressed Th1 immunity and regulation of T cell chemokine receptor expressions (CCR7 upregulation and CXCR3/CCR5 downregulation)
[115]	B6D2F1	NI	10–12	Irradiation (5–7 Gy)	HSC coinfusion of AD-MSC	CD29^+, CD44^+, CD73^+, CD90.2^+, CD105^+, CD106^+, CD144^+, CD166^+, CD34^−, CD45.1^−, CD80^−, and Sca-1^−	1 × 10^6	NI	BM reconstitution; Facilitating and homing of HSC to recipient BM
[116]	Balb/c	M	6–8	Irradiation (4 Gy)	AD-MSC	CD29^+, CD31^−, CD34^−, CD45^−, and CD90^+	1 × 10^6	EV	↑ CFU-F, CFU-MK, and megakaryocytes in BM (cd41^+ cells); Recovery of BM cells; ↓ apoptotic cells

A.R.: administration route; NI: noninformed; F: female; M: male; BMF: bone marrow failure; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; BMSC: bone marrow stromal cell; hUC-MSC: human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell; UC-MSC: umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell; CB-MSC: compact bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell; ECSOD: extracellular superoxide dismutase; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; AD-MSC: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; CD: cluster differentiation; Sca-1: stem cell antigen-1; HLA-DR: human leucocyte antigen-D related; EV: endovenous infusion; IP: intraperitoneal infusion; WBC: white blood cell; PLT: platelet; PB: peripheral blood; CFU-F: colony-forming unit fibroblast; CFU-GM: colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage; BMC: bone marrow cell; BM: bone marrow; Flt3L: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; CCR7: C-C chemokine receptor type 7; CXCR3: C-X-C motif receptor 3; CCR5: C-C chemokine receptor type 5; RBC: red blood cell; HB: hemoglobin; NOX 4: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; CFU-MK: colony-forming unit megakaryocytes.