Mesenchymal Stem Cell Benefits Observed in Bone Marrow Failure and Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Table 2

MSC transplantation in reported clinical cases with SAA.

Reference

Cell source

MSC profile

Number of patients

Age of patient (years)

Gender

Disease stage

Previous HSC or BM transplant

Number of transplants

A.R.

Number of MSC/kg

Immunossupressive treatment

Adverse event

Follow-up (months)

Death (patients)

Evidence of MSC efficacy

[120]

BMSC

SH2^+, SH3^+, CD34^−, and CD45^−

1

68

F

Refractory SAA

−

2

EV

2 × 10^6 and 6 × 10^6

CsA

NI

NI

1

MSC engraftment; Partial recovery of BM stromal niche; ↑ CFU-F; ()

[121]

BMSC

NI

1

26

M

SAA

+

2

EV

1 × 10^6

CTX, ATG, TBI, FAMP, and ALS

NI

NI

None

Partial recovery of BM niche ()

[122]

UC-MSC coinjection HSC

CD13^+, CD29^+, CD44^+, CD73^+, CD90^+, CD105^+, CD14^−, and CD31^−, CD34^−, CD45^−, and HLA-DR^−

2

11 and 13

F

SAA

+

1

NI

1 × 10^6

CsA, ATG, and Methylprednisolone

None

NI

None

Enhance the HSC engraftment ()

[123]

BMSC

CD29^+, CD73^+, CD90^+ CD105^+, CD34^−, CD45^−, and CD14^−

14/4

16–56

M/F

Refractory SAA or NSAA

−

4–6

EV

6 × 10^5

CsA and ATG

Transient fever and headache; ()

12

None

Recovery of three hematopoietic cell line (); Recovery RBC and hemoglobin level (); Recovery PLT ()

[124]

UC-MSC coinjection HSC

VEGFR2/Flk1^+, CD166^+ CD105^+, CD44^+, CD29^+, and HLA class I^+; CD34^−, CD45^−, CD14^−, and HLA class II^−

14/23

15

F/M

SAA

+

1

EV

1 × 10^6

CTX, FAMP, and ATG

None

60

9

↑Neutrophil; ↑PLT; Enhance the HSC homing and engrafting

[125]

BMSC

CD73^+, CD90^+, CD 29^+, CD13^+, CD44^+, CD49e^+, STRO1^+, HLA class I^+;CD34^−, CD14^−, CD45^−, glycophorin A^−, CD31^−, cadherin^−, KDR^−, and HLA class II^−

9

19–50

F and M

Refractory SAA or NSAA

−

5

EV

2.7 × 10^6

CsA and ATG

Fever, hypoxemia, mild dyspnea, and diarrhea

20

4

Partial hematologic response ()

MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; BMSC: bone marrow stromal cell; hUC-MSC: human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell; HSC: hematopoietic stem cells; CD: cluster differentiation; HLA-DR: human leucocyte antigen-D related; HLA: human leucocyte antigen; VEGFR2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; SAA: severe aplastic anemia; NSAA: nonsevere aplastic anemia; EV: endovenous infusion; CsA: cyclosporine A; ATG: antithymocyte globulin; ASL: antilymphocyte serum; TBI: total body irradiation; FAMP: fludarabine; BM: bone marrow; CFU-F: colony-forming unit fibroblast; RBC: red blood cell; PLT: platelets; NI: noninformed; CTX: cyclophosphamide; SH2: Src homology 2; SH3: Src homology 3; VEGFR2/Flk1: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.