Lineage-Specific Chiral Biases of Human Embryonic Stem Cells during Differentiation

Figure 3

Human ESCs differentiated to an intestinal lineage display dominant CCW biased rotation, which is comparable to an intestinal cell line. (a) Representative images of cells expressing the SOX17 and FOXA2 markers indicating endoderm differentiation. (b) Representative images of cells expressing an CDX2 marker indicating mid/hindgut differentiation. (c) Endoderm (D3-Endo), mid/hindgut (D7-M/H), and the primary small intestinal cell line (FHs 74 Int) all display statistically significant CCW rotational bias. (d) Endoderm and mid/hindgut show significantly more planar rotating cells than other categories; however, the FHs 74 Int cell line does not. (e) Quantitative data showing the number of cells in each category along with the number of replicate experiments (). The values indicate comparisons between CW and CCW and between planar rotation and the other three categories. Scale bars: 100 μm; ; .

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