GM1 Ganglioside Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Tendon Stem Cells

Figure 3

Effects of GM1 treatment on PDGFR activation. (a) Western blot analysis and quantification of PDGFR-β activation. hTSCs were differentiated toward osteoblasts in osteogenic medium supplemented with 100 μM GM1, as compared to hTSCs differentiated in GM1-free osteogenic medium (O.D.). Total proteins were extracted and analyzed with anti-phosphorylated-PDGFR-β (Tyr 751) antibody (green) and anti-PDGFR-β (28E1) antibody (red). EEA1 expression was used as internal control. Data are means ± SD of four different experiments. (b, c) Gene expression analysis of the osteogenic markers ALP and osteocalcin by real-time PCR. hTSCs were differentiated toward osteoblasts in osteogenic medium supplemented with 100 μM GM1 or 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB or with both 100 μM GM1 and 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB. The results were compared to hTSCs differentiated in free osteogenic medium (O.D.). Ribosomal protein S14 gene was used as housekeeper. All data are means ± SD of three different experiments. The statistical analysis was determined by Student’s t-test. , , .

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