Osteogenic Effect and Cell Signaling Activation of Extremely Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Figure 5

Graph showing the relative gene expression of (a, d) COLIAI, (b, e) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (c, f) RunX2, (g, i) osteopontin, and (h, j) osteocalcin after (a–c, g, h) 3 and (d–f, i, j) 7 days in culture under the various ELF-PEMF signals. Data were plotted as fold change to control of the same culture period, represented by the dotted line (). Mean ± SEM, donors, triplicates ( and ).

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