Molecular Mechanisms of Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Neural Cells: Current Status and Perspectives

Figure 1

A schematic for the transdifferentiation of ADSCs into NSCs and neural cells, indicating relevant influences such as cell surface markers, transcriptional factors, culture media, and signaling pathways. The details can be seen in the text. TFs: transcription factors; miRs: microRNAs; GFs: growth factors; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; PSA-NCAM: polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule; GlcNAc: N-acetylglucosamine; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; CNTF: ciliary neurotrophic factor; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; GDNF: glial-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; T3: 3,5,3-triiodothyronine; NT3: neurotrophin-3.