Guiding the Differentiation Direction of Pancreatic Islet-Derived Stem Cells by Glycated Collagen

Figure 2

Expression of proinflammatory genes in PI-MSCs cultured on the glycated collagens. The cells were cultured for 72 h, and the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, NF-κB, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) were estimated. Gapdh served as the housekeeping gene, and data were calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCt method. The significant difference compared to the cells cultured on the unmodified collagen group was shown by .