Bioprocessing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutics

Figure 2

The secretion profile of MSCs may be altered by several factors including culture medium, cell source (i.e., bone marrow and adipose) and culture conditions (i.e., 3D cultures, hypoxia, and mechanical stimuli). The therapeutic portion of the secretion profile includes the amount and composition of paracrine factors and EVs (microvesicles and exosomes). The composition within EVs is also altered which includes RNAs such as mRNAs and miRNAs, growth factors, and cytokines.