Chemical Activation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Reversibly Reduces Tendon Stem Cell Proliferation, Inhibits Their Differentiation, and Maintains Cell Undifferentiation

Figure 6

Quantitative evaluation of the effects of HIF-1α activation on in vitro differentiation of hTSCs toward the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic phenotypes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression by real-time PCR in hTSCs induced to differentiate toward adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts in the presence of different concentrations of DMOG (0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, and 1 mM). Control cells were cultured under the same conditions but without DMOG. Values are expressed as fold changes relative to control cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three different experiments. values were calculated using Student’s t-test. Only values < 0.05 are indicated: , , , and , as compared to control cells.