Research Article
α2-HS Glycoprotein in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro
Figure 4
Plasma Evs suppress MSC osteogenic differentiation. Different concentrations of plasma Evs were added to the osteogenic differentiation medium in the Ind+Evs groups. Cells cultured in growth medium without induction served as the control group. (a) Photographs (top panels) and microscopy images (bottom panels) of ARS and ALP staining in representative samples from the control, induction, and Ind+Evs groups. Original magnification: ×40. (b) The ARS staining in (a) was quantified by monitoring the absorbance at 562 nm. The ALP activity in (a) was presented as units per gram of protein per 15 min. (c) Expression of osteoblast markers. The values represent the fold change in the gene expression relative to controls. Data obtained from six to nine samples per group are expressed as . for the comparison between groups.
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