High Glucose Exacerbates TNF-α-Induced Proliferative Inhibition in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells through Upregulation and Activation of TNF Receptor 1

Figure 3

High glucose and TNF-α inhibited cell viability and caused cell cycle arrest by activating TNFR1. (a) Cell morphology after blockage of TNFRs by specific antibodies (day 6). Specific antibodies were used to block either TNFR1 or TNFR2. Cell morphology was observed under a microscope (100x). Scale bars represent 200 μm. (b) CCK-8 assay on day 6. Specific antibodies were used to block either TNFR1 or TNFR2. The CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell viability. Data are presented as . versus the control group (G5.6); versus the G30+TNF-α group; versus the G30+TNF-α group. (c) High glucose and TNF-α decreased the S phase proportion of PDLSCs (day 4). PDLSCs were cultured under different conditions for 4 days. The cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry (PI staining). The relative S phase fraction of the control group was regarded as 100%. Data are presented as . versus the control group; versus the G5.6+TNF-α group. All assays were replicated 3 times using PDLSCs obtained from 3 different individuals.

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