Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents and Novel Carriers for the Delivery of Candidate Genes in Acute Kidney Injury

Table 2

Research regarding the application of gene-modified MSCs in preclinical AKI models.

Candidate gene	AKI model	Vector	MSC source	Effects	Reference
CXCR4	Mice model of I/R AKI	Lentiviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Promote MSC paracrine actions in vitro; (ii) Accelerate migratory of MSCs to damaged renal tissue; (ii) Improves treatment with BMSCs in I/R-AKI mice	[41]
EPO	Mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI	Retroviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Improve survival of mouse kidney epithelial cells in vitro; (ii) Enhance antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects; (iii) Improve survival of cisplatin-treated mice	[45]
Kallikrein	Rat model of I/R AKI	Adenoviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Reduce inflammatory cell infiltration; (ii) Alleviate reactive oxygen species formation; (iii) Mitigate ischemia-induced renal injury	[49]
VEGF	Mice model of cisplatin-induced AKI	Adenoviral vector	Embryo	(i) Reduce renal cell apoptosis; (ii) Increase renal microvessel density; (iii) Reduce mortality of AKI mice	[54]
HGF	Rat model of I/R AKI	Adenoviral vector	Umbilical cords	(i) Promote the amelioration of renal function; (ii) Improve the proliferation of renal cells; (iii) Decrease apoptosis and inflammation	[60]
Nrf2	Rat model of cisplatin-induced AKI	Adenoviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Protect MSCs against cisplatin-induced toxicities in vitro; (ii) Improve efficacy of MSCs against cisplatin-induced toxicity	[64]
Klotho	Mice model of I/R AKI	Adenoviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Improve antifibrotic effect in kidney; (ii) Mitigate the degree of renal histopathological injury; (iii) Inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition	[69]
HO-1	Rat model of I/R AKI	Lentiviral vector	Bone marrow	(i) Promote anti-inflammatory effect of MSCs in vitro; (ii) Protects BMSCs against apoptosis in vivo	[74]