Tendon Tissue Repair in Prospective of Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicines, and Innovative Bioscaffolds

Table 2

Tendogenic growth factors.

Growth factors	Study type	ECM production	Tendon model	Results	Reference
TGF-β	In vitro	Increased expression of collagen-I & III	Equine embryo	TGF-β promote differentiation and proliferation	[166]
PRP	In vitro	Not studied	Equine superficial digital flexor tendon	Increased cellularity, GAG contents, tensile strength and matrix strength	[138]
VGF-11	In vitro		Rat Achilles’ tendon	Promote proliferation, increased mechanical and tensile strength	[167]
IGF-1	In vitro	Enhanced orientation of collagen fibers	Rabbit patellar tendon	Promote formation of fibrous tissue with increase crosslinking and orientation	[119]
BMP-12	In vitro	Increased expression of collagen-I	Human ADSC	Regulate expression of Scx and RUNX and promote tenogenesis	[168]
FGF-2	In vitro	Not studied	Rat TSPCs	Promote cell proliferation up till week 6 and regulate expression level of Tnmd & Scx	[151]
bFGF	In vitro	Increased expression of collagen-III	Rat patellar tendon	Increased cell differentiation and collagen content	[169]
GDF-5	In vitro	No significant difference found as compared with control	Human BMSCs	GDF-5 promote differentiation in BMSCs but significant effect on proliferation was not observed, induce tenogenic differentiation without cell doubling	[170]
GDF-6	In vitro & in vivo	Increased deposition and organization of collagen	Rabbit BMSc	Promote cell differentiation, and regulate expression of Tnmd & Scx	[171]
GDF-7	In vitro	Not studied	Equine BMSc	Regulate expression of decorin & Tnmd and cell differentiation	[172]

Abbreviations: TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; VGF-11: nerve growth factor inducible; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; BMP-12: bone morphogenic protein-12; FGF-2: fibroblast growth factor-2; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; GDF-5: growth differentiation factor-5.