Review Article

Transposable Element Dynamics and Regulation during Zygotic Genome Activation in Mammalian Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cell Model Systems

Table 1

Factors with roles in the regulation of the retrotransposon expression during (1) mouse ZGA and (2) in 2C-like mESCs. Not all factors demonstrated to be involved in retrotransposon regulation in ZGA are involved in the context of 2C-like mESCs, and vice versa.

ZGA2C-like mESCs

Transcription factors
DUX[63][56, 63, 64, 164]
p53-[64]
DPPA2/DPPA4-[77, 78]
NELFA-[65]
GATA2[80][80]
ZSCAN4-[57, 59, 77, 186]

Posttranscriptional regulators
miR-344-[71]
miR-34a-[80]

Posttranslational modifiers
SUMO2-[161]
PIAS4[79][79]

Chromatin-associated regulators
KMTs (Suv39h1, Suv39h2, G9a/GLP, SETDB1)[104][98, 99]
KDM1A/LSD1[117][47]
ZMYM2[71][71]
FACT complex-[116]
USP7-[67, 116]
DNMT1-UHRF1[139]-
TET2-PSPC1-[83]
CAF1-[66]
GBAF-[187]
STELLA[92]-
SMCHD1[179][70]
LINE1[26, 163][26, 72, 163]
ZFPs (ZFP809, RYBP, REX1)[115][74, 114, 195]
HP1-[98]
TRIM28/KAP1-[98, 101]
RIF1-[160]