The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy

Table 4

Diseases can be tested clinically for treatment with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in human based on the successful in vivo model studies.

Organ system	Disease/syndrome	Source	Transplantation	References
Cardiovascular	Myelodysplastic syndromes	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[114]
Gastrointestinal	Hepatic failure	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[115]
Nervous	Epilepticus	Exosome	Allotransplant	[117]
Nervous	Glioblastoma	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[118]
Nervous	Glioblastoma	Adipose tissue	Allotransplant	[119]
Nervous	Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	Umbilical cord	Allotransplant	[120]
Nervous	Loss of retinal ganglion cells	Bone marrow-derived exosomes	Allotransplant	[121]
Nervous	Nerve regeneration	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[122]
Reproductive	Azoospermia	Adipose tissue	Allotransplant	[123]
Reproductive	Azoospermia	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[124]
Reproductive	Mammary adenocarcinoma	Adipose tissue	Allotransplant	[116]
Skeletal	Bone formation	ND	Allotransplant	[125]
Skeletal	Calvarial defects	Bone marrow; Adipose tissue	Allotransplant	[126]
Skeletal	Periodontal defects	Exosome	Allotransplant	[127]
Urinary	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	Bone marrow	Allotransplant	[128]
Urinary	Nephron generation in kidney cortices	ND	Allotransplant	[129]

ND: no data.