FGF2 and EGF for the Regeneration of Tympanic Membrane: A Systematic Review

Table 4

The dose- and starting time-dependent effect of growth factors on the eardrum healing.

Authors	Study object	Study design	Size of perforation	Follow-up (months)	Growth factors	Dosage	Application time	Closure rate	Mean closure time (days)
Mondain et al. [60] (1991)	Sprague Dawley rats-acute				FGF-2	2000 ng, 400 ng or 200 ng vs. saline		100% with 3.16 days in 2000 ng FGF2; 12/15 with 6.1 days in 400 ng; 9/15 with 6.3 days in 200 ng; 3/15 with 8.86 days in saline alone
Lou et al. [35] (2015)	Human-acute	Prospective clinical study	25% of TM	6 months	FGF-2		The durations of ≤3 vs. >3 days	96.6% (28/29) vs. 100% (17/17)	vs.
Lou et al. [66] (2014)	Human-acute	Prospective clinical study	25% of TM	3 months	FGF-2	0.1-0.15 ml vs. 0.25-0.3 ml		92% vs. 100%	vs.
Lou et al. [45] (2019)	Human-acute	Prospective clinical study	25% of TM	6 months	EGF	0.1-0.15 ml vs. 0.25-0.3 ml		93.3% vs. 89.1%	vs.
							The durations of ≤3 vs. >3 days	90.2% vs. 93.3%	vs.

FGF2: fibroblast growth factor-2; EGF: epidermal growth factor; TM: tympanic membrane.