Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine

Figure 2

Mechanism of action of MSCs in tissue repair and immunomodulation. MSCs exert its therapeutic effects via various modulators. SDF-1: stromal cell-derived factor 1; SCF: stem cell factor; IL-6: interleukin-6; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; EGF: epidermal growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; NGF: nerve growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; NO: nitric oxide; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand (created with BioRender.com).