Review Article

Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine

Figure 3

Mesenchymal stem cell sources, secretome content, and its therapeutic effects. MSCs can be derived from various sources, including bone marrow, teeth (deciduous vs. nondeciduous), adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. MSCs mainly rely on the secretome, which consists of various soluble factors (growth factors and cytokines) and extracellular vesicles to exert their therapeutic effects. Neuroprotection, acceleration of wound healing, induction of angiogenesis, suppressing of inflammation, and prevention of cell apoptosis are some of the reported therapeutic potentials of MSC secretome. HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; SDF-1: stromal cell-derived factor 1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; KGF: keratinocyte growth factor; IL: interleukin; miR: microRNA; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand (created with BioRender.com).