Research Article

Curcumin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Ankle, Testis, and Ovary Deleterious Histological Changes in Arthritic Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Figure 10

Schematic figure showing the mode of actions of CFA to induce arthritis via increasing LPO and TNF-α (Th1 cytokine) and decreasing IL-10 (Th2), thereby resulting in synovial hyperplasia and joint, testis, and ovary necrosis, and inflammation. The treatment with curcumin and/or MSCs can counteract these actions via enhancing the antioxidant defense system and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. →: activation; ┴: inhibition.