The Opportunities and Challenges regarding Induced Platelets from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Figure 1

Schema to generate induced platelets from human pluripotent stem cells. HSC/HPC were induced from PSCs via intermediate stage (ESC-sac or EB) under stimulation of multiple cytokines and finally differentiated into mature MK for platelet release. Transgene combination (GATA1/FLI1/TAL1 or C-MYC/BCL-XL/BMI1) provides novel insights for expandable and cryopreserved MK. B2M knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 helped to diminish the allogeneic response caused by HLA mismatch. Furthermore, a 3D bioreactor can be applied for large-scale iPlatelet production. EB: embryoid body; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HPC: hematopoietic progenitor cell; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; imMKCL: immortalized megakaryocyte progenitor cell line; MK: megakaryocyte; TPO: thrombopoietin; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.