A Novel Tension Machine Promotes Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteoblastic and Fibroblastic Differentiation by Applying Cyclic Tension

Figure 7

Strain of the membrane and BMSCs. (a) The strain on the membrane with different extension rates based on the three-dimensional finite element analysis. No friction between the membrane and the spherical stiffening elements supposed. The strain is determined as the ratio of the distances between two points under the stretched and unstretched conditions. (b) The three-dimensional rendering model of the distribution of tension force. (c) The three-dimensional finite element analysis of strain on the membrane under different frictions with 12% extension rate. (d) The distribution of strain from the central area to the peripheral area of the membrane. (e) The strain of the membrane equals extension rate times the primary length of the elastic membrane ( mm). (f) The theoretical value of cell carpet strain is equal to the primary length times extension rate. The theoretical value of cell bodies and process strain is equal to half of the primary length times extension rate.

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