Lithium and Copper Induce the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Crosstalk between Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways

<div>Multiline differentiation and surface markers of BMSCs. (a) Osteogenic differentiation. The Alizarin Red staining result showed that the BMSCs formed a massive red calcium nodule after three weeks of osteogenesis induction. (b) Adipogenesis differentiation. After three weeks of adipogenesis induction, many red lipid droplets can be seen in the cells. (c) Chondrogenesis differentiation. The Alcian blue staining of chondrogenic pellets confirmed the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the chondrogenic pellet. (d–i) The cells positively express CD29, CD44, and CD90, while they have negative expression of CD11b, CD34, and CD45.</div>

Stem Cells International

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Figure 1: Lithium and Copper Induce the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Crosstalk between Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways

Figure 1 | Lithium and Copper Induce the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Crosstalk between Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways 