Lithium and Copper Induce the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Crosstalk between Canonical Wnt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways

Figure 4

Lithium (500 μM) can rescue the inhibited canonical Wnt signaling pathway. (a) MTT assay of BMSC proliferation under the stimulation of different lithium ion concentrations. The OD values of BMSCs were recorded on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after stimulation. means . (b) Cell count of BMSCs under the stimulation of different lithium ion concentrations for 7 days. Data are representative of six independent experiments, and means . (c, d) The expression of the Wnt signaling pathway-related gene (β-catenin, osterix, and p-GSK-3β) was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot in the BMSCs under the 500 μM Li⁺, 10 μM XAV-939, and 500 μM Li⁺ combined with 10 μM XAV-939 stimulation for 7 days. The results are depicted as the . , , . (e) The immunofluorescence staining of β-catenin in BMSCs under different stimulations for 7 days.

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