Photobiomodulation: An Effective Approach to Enhance Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts
Table 1
Biological growth factors introduced to ADSCs for osteogenic differentiation.
Biological growth factors
Outcome of growth factors
Refs
Insulin-like growth factor 1/2
Stimulate both proliferation and terminal differentiation of MSCs, fine-tuning transcription factor expression levels and activity, and defining commitment towards specific lineages from the three germ layers. Overall, IGF-1 and IGF-2 play a significant role in MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone health.
IGF-1 expression in MSCs enhances their proliferation with lower apoptosis; overexpression of IGF-1 in osteoblasts can accelerate the rate of bone formation and increase the pace of matrix mineralization, IGF-1-transfected human MSCs were able to upregulate expression of various osteoblast genes. 100 ng/mL of IGF-1 promotes differentiation into osteoblast-like cells.
Increased cell numbers and expanded the pool of MSCs capable of colony-forming unit- (CFU-) fibroblast (CFU-F) and CFU- osteoblast (CFU-O); regulates osteoblast differentiation and maturation.