Photobiomodulation: An Effective Approach to Enhance Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts

Table 3

Effects of PBM on ADSCs.

Wavelength (nm)	Output power (mW)	Energy density (J/cm^2)	Irradiation (mW/cm^2)	Effects	Refs
660	30	0.2	1.07	The viability of cells was increased.	[137]
650	523	2, 4, 8	6.67	The 4 J/cm^2 enhanced ADSC proliferation.	[138]
680	3 and 4.5	—	—	Migration was sped up.	[134]
808	200	3	0.2	Proliferation was sped up.	[135]
636	85	5	9.3	Both the cell viability and proliferation were increased.	[139]
825	—	5, 10, 15, 20	—	ADSC biphasic dose response occurred with fluences 15 and 20 J/cm^2.	[132]
	—	6	10	An increase in angiogenic factors and decreased apoptosis.	[133]
660	30	0.5, 1.0	—	Increased cellular growth and proliferation as well as VEGF, HGF, and FGF growth factor secretion.	[136]