Review Article
Photobiomodulation: An Effective Approach to Enhance Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts
Table 4
The combined effects of using PBM and differentiation inducers for MSCs into osteoblasts.
| Differentiation inducers | Laser parameters | Effects | Refs | Wavelength (nm) | Fluency (J/cm2) |
| Dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate | 420, 540 | 3 | Increased the concentration of intracellular calcium thus increased osteogenic relative gene expression. | [125] | Dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, L-glutamine | 635, 808 | 0.4 | Increased the focal adhesion-localized vinculin which promotes osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was encouraged. | [141] | Dexamethasone, beta-glycerol phosphate, ascorbate-2-phosphate | 809 | 0.5, 1, 2 | Mineralization occurred which indicated cell differentiation. | [142] | Dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate | 810, 980 | 3, 0.3 | Osteogenic-related gene expression was upregulated. | [143] |
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