Stem Cells International

Review Article

Research Progress on Stem Cell Therapies for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Table 2


Cell types	References	Cell source	Single dose	Transplant number	K-L grade	Age	Sample size	Carrier/scaffold material	Follow-up (M)	Conclusion

BMSCs/BMACs	Chahal et al. [86]	Autologous		1	III-IV	40-65	12	Excipient	12	The clinical symptoms significantly improved in the cell group.
	Shapiro et al. [87]	Autologous	5 mL BMAC ( cells)	1	I-III	42-68	25	Platelet-poor bone marrow plasma	12	BMACs relieved pain caused by OA. However, at 12 months, BMACs had no significant advantage compared with saline.
	Emadedin et al. [88]	Autologous		1	II-IV	18-65	43	Saline +2% human serum albumin	6	BMSCs significantly relieved the pain of patients with OA.
	Shadmanfar et al. [89]	Autologous		1	II-IV	18-65	30	Saline	12	BMSCs alleviated clinical symptoms, but their efficacy at 12 months was not significantly different from that of the placebo.
ADSCs	Kim and Koh [61]	Autologous		1	III-IV	53-65	100	NS	At least 36	HTO combined with ADSCs improved IKDC and Lysholm scores in patients with OA.
	Song et al. [65]	Autologous		3	≥II	40-70	14	NS	24	Autologous ADSCs were safe and significantly improved the symptoms of OA. The effect of repeated injections of high-dose cells was more obvious.
	Kim et al. [67]	Autologous		1	III-IV	42-68	70	Allogenic cartilage (MegaCartilage) or fibrin glue (Greenplast kit®)	27.6	HTO+autologous MSCs+allogeneic cartilage implantation more effectively treated OA.
UCBMSCs/WJMSCs	Sadlik et al. [68]	Allogenic	NS	1	NS	NS	5	Porcine type I/II collagen matrix scaffold (ChondrO-Gide)	12	WJMSCs can be used to induce articular cartilage regeneration.
	Matas et al. [90]	Allogenic		2	I-III	40-65	26	Saline with 5% AB plasma	13	Repeated injection of WJMSCs was safe and significantly improved the clinical symptoms of OA.
	Song et al. [62]	Allogenic	cells/cm²	1	I-III	>40	128	4% HA (CARTISTEM®)	24	Allogeneic UCBMSCs significantly reduced the pain of OA joints and improved joint function.
ESCs or PLMSCs	Khalifeh Soltani et al. [91]	Allogenic		1	II-IV	35-75	20	NS	6	Allogeneic PLMSCs relieved the symptoms of OA joints.

BMAC: bone marrow aspiration and concentration; SMSCs/SFMSCs: synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells/synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells; UCBMSCs/WJMSCs: umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells/umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; ESCs/EMSCs: embryonic stem cells/ESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells; LRS: lactate’s ringer solution; MF: microfracture; SPIO: superparamagnetic iron oxide; PAMSCs: plastic adherent MSCs; AECM: articular cartilage extracellular matrix; HTO: high tibial osteotomy; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; WOMAC: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; VAS: visual analog scale; PLMSCs: placenta-derived MSCs; PCL-PTHF: electrospun nanofibers composed of cartilage matrix components (collagen or chondroitin sulfate) and poly(-caprolactone)-polytetrahydrofuran; NS: not specified; PRFr: platelet-rich fibrin releasate; K-L grade: Kellgrene-Lawrence grade.