Review Article
Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Culture Systems and Applications
Table 1
A comprehensive summary of 3D cell culture methods.
| Method | Culture cell types | Viability | Proliferation | Differentiation | Time length | Spheroid diameter (μm) | Advantages | Disadvantages | Refs. |
| Liquid overlay | (1) MDPSCs; (2) ADSCs | Well-preserved | | Osteogenic | -1 day | 30-100 | (1) Simple; (2) economical | Size of the spheroids cannot be controlled | [15–21] | Hanging drop culture | WJ-MSCs | Cell death rate was below 40% | Higher than 2D | Early osteogenic | Depend on cell types | Controllable | Uniformity | Volume cannot more than 30 μL | [2, 22–27] | Rotating bioreactor | BMSCs | High level of viability | | Osteoblastic | 1 day | 100–200 | (1) Simple; (2) efficient | (1) Shear stress; (2) equipment | [18, 28] | Magnetic suspension | NIH3T3 | 99% cell viability | Exponential growth | | 5 minutes | | (1) Repeatable ability; (2) size stability. | Potential impact of nanoparticles is uncertain | [24, 29–34] | Chemical reagents culture | ADSCs | High level of viability | Suppressed | Osteogenesis | 3-4 days | 50-200 | (1) Simple; (2) practical; (3) special equipment unnecessary | Potential impacts of reagent are uncertain | [6, 35] | Alginate-PEG gels | mMSCs | Improves the viability of cell | Reducing cellular apoptosis | Osteogenic | | | Biocompatibility high mechanical strength | Early complicate | [36–57] |
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