The Four Pillars for Successful Regenerative Therapy in Endodontics: Stem Cells, Biomaterials, Growth Factors, and Their Synergistic Interactions

Table 1

Comparison between cell-free regenerative endodontic therapy (CF-RET) and cell-based regenerative endodontic therapy (CB-RET).

	CF-RET	CB-RET
Cells	Autologous (endogenous source) Nature unknown Amount unknown	Autologous or allogenic (exogenous source) Nature known Amount known
Scaffold	Biological	Biological or synthetic
Growth Factors	Dentin walls or blood clot	Dentin walls or added to the scaffold

Cells taken out from the host or other donors and cultured in vitro before delivering back to the host.