Stem Cells International

Research Article

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediate Clinically Unpromising but Favourable Immune Responses in Kidney Transplant Patients

Table 2

Statistical summary of immunological parameters analysed in different study groups.


Parameter	Group	Day 0 (baseline)	Day 30	Day 90	Day 180	Day 365	Day 800

CD3 proportion	Allo	0.46 (0.44, 0.49)	0.40 (0.36, 0.44)	0.49 (0.35, 0.63)	0.47 (0.27, 0.55)	0.35 (0.33, 0.46)	0.22 (0.16, 0.40)
	Auto	0.35 (0.22, 0.41)^!	0.15 (0.02, 0.23),^§	0.11 (0.03, 0.20),^§	0.15 (0.09, 0.35)	0.22 (0.09, 0.38)	0.18 (0.09, 0.31)
	Control	0.40 (0.22, 0.47)	0.50 (0.36, 0.52)	0.42 (0.19, 0.50)	0.32 (0.18, 0.48)	0.50 (0.23, 0.55)	0.22 (0.20, 0.40)
	Healthy control	0.28 (0.13, 0.47)
CD4 proportion	Allo	0.46 (0.37, 0.53)	0.52 (0.32, 0.58)	0.50 (0.37, 0.57)	0.37 (0.35, 0.51)	0.42 (0.29, 0.52)	0.44 (0.35, 0.51)
	Auto	0.51 (0.45, 0.59)	0.37 (0.15, 0.44),§	0.30 (0.22, 0.40),^!	0.38 (0.30, 0.55)	0.48 (0.25, 0.55)	0.29 (0.24, 0.44),^¶
	Control	0.55 (0.44, 0.59)	0.55 (0.53, 0.56)	0.44 (0.32, 0.53)	0.39 (0.33, 0.42)	0.47 (0.25, 0.48)	0.42 (0.33, 0.46)
	Healthy control	0.48 (0.45, 0.52)
CD8 proportion	Allo	0.38 (0.30, 0.48)	0.38 (0.32, 0.48)	0.40 (0.28, 0.50)	0.46 (0.36, 0.53)	0.47 (0.37, 0.52)	0.43 (0.35, 0.49)
	Auto	0.29 (0.25, 0.37)	0.39 (0.33, 0.46)	0.35 (0.29, 0.45)	0.39 (0.31, 0.43)	0.34 (0.30, 0.48)	0.33 (0.32, 0.57)
	Control	0.36 (0.33, 0.41)	0.37 (0.36, 0.38)	0.43 (0.38, 0.60)	0.50 (0.42, 0.54)	0.46 (0.38, 0.62)	0.48 (0.40, 0.57)
	Healthy control	0.44 (0.37, 0.46)
CD4 T_NAI:T_EFF cell proportion	Allo	0.30 (0.09, 1.51)	0.53 (0.19, 2.14)	0.23 (0.06, 0.63)	0.45 (0.39, 2.66)	0.80 (0.58, 3.44)	0.44 (0.10, 1.06)
	Auto	0.003 (0.001, 0.007)^§	0.008 (0.001, 0.7)	0.05 (0.02, 0.84)	0.27 (0.001, 3.96)	1.47 (0.35, 1.86)	0.76 (0.50, 2.5)
	Control	1.25 (0.07, 1.92)	0.45 (0.0001, 1.24)	1.91 (0.008, 3.33)	0.76 (0.004, 3.11)	0.13 (0.01, 0.92)	0.47 (0.25, 1.13)
	Healthy control	0.88 (0.57, 1.31)
CD8 T_NAI:T_EFF cell proportion	Allo	0.18 (0.06, 0.51)	0.27 (0.15, 0.70)	0.18 (0.04, 0.27)	0.43 (0.13, 1.94)	0.31 (0.28, 0.42)§	0.24 (0.08, 1.59)
	Auto	0.01 (0.004, 0.02)^§	0.07 (0.008, 0.59)	0.35 (0.15, 0.55)	0.05 (0.10, 1.74)	0.46 (0.13, 0.95)	0.85 (0.24, 8.12)
	Control	0.26 (0.03, 1.02)	0.34 (0.0005, 1.20)	0.10 (0.03, 3.04)	0.16 (0.003, 0.57)	0.10 (0.006, 0.20)	0.21 (0.15, 7.43)
	Healthy control	0.34 (0.22, 1.42)
CD4 T_NAI:T_MEM cell proportion	Allo	0.17 (0.02, 0.20)	0.13 (0.05, 0.31)	0.08 (0.01, 0.15)	0.16 (0.07, 0.38)	0.19 (0.11, 0.32)	0.06 (0.03, 0.17)
	Auto	0.0007 (0.0004, 0.002) §	0.001 (0.0006, 0.19)	0.01 (0.007, 0.09)	0.06 (0.0002, 0.38)	0.15 (0.06, 0.21)	0.13 (0.08, 0.29)^{,^}
	Control	0.23 (0.03, 0.53)	0.20 (0.0001, 0.50)	0.30 (0.007, 0.69)	0.16 (0.007, 0.48)	0.06 (0.006, 0.31)	0.17 (0.12, 0.33)
	Healthy control	0.25 (0.20, 0.30)
CD8 T_NAI:T_MEM cell proportion	Allo	0.22 (0.08, 0.37)	0.31 (0.14, 0.49)	0.23 (0.03, 0.70)	0.50 (0.18, 0.70)	0.35 (0.21, 0.52)	0.27 (0.10, 0.57)
	Auto	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)^§	0.03 (0.01, 0.43)	0.03 (0.02, 0.18)	0.06 (0.02, 0.88)	0.38 (0.21, 0.58)^{,^}	0.61 (0.24, 2.17)^{,^}
	Control	0.23 (0.08, 2.60)	0.51 (0.001, 1.91)	0.21 (0.05, 2.49)	0.25 (0.009, 0.80)	0.20 (0.01, 0.55)	0.35 (0.30, 2.20)
	Healthy control	0.20 (0.12, 0.44)
CD4 T_NAI: T_MEM-EM cells	Allo	0.22 (0.02, 0.38)^¶	0.16 (0.06, 0.49)	0.19 (0.03, 0.20)	0.28 (0.10, 0.60)	0.32 (0.15, 0.58)^{^}	0.08 (0.04, 0.24)
	Auto	0.0007 (0.0004, 0.002)^§,¶¶	0.002 (0.0006, 0.235)	0.0162 (0.0078, 0.1466)	0.063 (0.0002-0.7132)	0.26 (0.08, 0.40)	0.20 (0.10, 0.43)
	Control	0.32 (0.03, 1.20)	0.27 (0.0001, 0.95)	0.48 (0.0074, 1.36)	0.25 (0.0019, 0.80)	0.07 (0.006, 0.49)	0.21 (0.15, 0.48)
	Healthy control	0.36 (0.27, 0.45)
CD8 T_NAI:T_MEM-EM cells	Allo	0.29 (0.08, 0.43)	0.42 (0.16, 0.54)	0.41 (0.50, 0.68)	0.69 (0.20, 0.80)	0.38 (0.26, 0.64)	0.37 (0.11, 0.64)
	Auto	0.012 (0.01, 0.014)^§,¶¶	0.03 (0.01, 0.47)	0.04 (0.02, 0.19)	0.06 (0.02, 1.26)	0.42 (0.25, 0.65)	0.41 (0.31, 2.10)
	Control	0.26 (0.09, 3.39)	0.59 (0.001, 2.34)	0.23 (0.05, 2.93)	0.27 (0.01, 0.90)	0.21 (0.01, 0.60)	0.43 (0.33, 2.43)
	Healthy control	0.22 (0.15, 0.49)
CD4 T_NAI:T_MEM-CM cells	Allo	0.44 (0.10, 0.79)	0.60 (0.23, 0.95)	0.65 (0.14, 1.16)	0.40 (0.26, 1.18)	0.73 (0.32, 0.78)	0.42 (0.15, 0.63) ^§,¶
	Auto	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)^§,¶¶	0.08 (0.05, 0.94)	0.21 (0.07, 0.38)	0.43 (0.02, 0.86)	0.38 (0.26, 0.50)	0.65 (0.41, 0.71)^,§
	Control	0.69 (0.44, 1.07)	0.82 (0.05, 1.07)	0.86 (0.31, 1.50)	0.45 (0.06, 1.20)	0.35 (0.11, 0.92)	0.99 (0.66, 1.32)
	Healthy control	0.79 (0.53, 0.95)
CD8 T_NAI:T_MEM-CM cells	Allo	1.3 (0.53, 3.42)	2.39 (0.91, 5.90)	3.00 (1.13, 4.65)	3.70 (1.44, 5.28)	2.30 (1.09, 4.72)	1.47 (0.67, 7.38)
	Auto	0.53 (0.37, 1.83)^¶	1.29 (0.59, 7.17)	2.67 (0.55, 2.72)	1.71 (0.79, 6.9)	4.59 (1.54, 5.13)	3 (1.6, 11.48)
	Control	1.97 (1.44, 11.47)	4 (0.12, 11.25)	3.85 (1.01, 17.42)	2.49 (0.16, 7.83)	3.65 (0.39, 7.49)	2.63 (2.23, 35.81)
	Healthy control	2.33 (1.56, 5.32)
T_REGS proportion	Allo	0.03 (0.03, 0.13)	0.02 (0.01, 0.05)	0.07 (0.03, 0.09)	0.02 (0.02, 0.05)	0.02 (0.02, 0.04)	0.02 (0.01, 0.09)
	Auto	0.11 (0.03, 0.21)^¶	0.02 (0.02, 0.13)	0.04 (0.01, 0.07)	0.06 (0.02, 0.07)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)^,§	0.004 (0.002, 0.01)^{,#,^}
	Control	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	0.02 (0.02, 0.07)	0.03 (0.02, 0.04)	0.05 (0.02, 0.11)	0.01 (0.01, 0.02)
	Healthy control	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)
DN T cell proportion	Allo	0.17 (0.09, 0.21)^§	0.11 (0.09, 0.20)^§	0.12 (0.10, 0.16)	0.13 (0.08, 0.19)	0.12 (0.07, 0.24)	0.13 (0.08, 0.19)
	Auto	0.14 (0.11, 0.22)^§	0.29 (0.18, 0.39)^§	0.26 (0.17, 0.49)^!,§	0.25 (0.06, 0.33)	0.16 (0.10, 0.30)	0.26 (0.14, 0.35)^§,¶¶
	Control	0.05 (0.05, 0.10)	0.07 (0.04, 0.08)	0.05 (0.03, 0.09)	0.07 (0.03, 0.10)	0.09 (0.05, 0.12)	0.10 (0.07, 0.11)
	Healthy control	0.09 (0.08, 0.11)
Virgin naive B (bm1) cell proportion	Allo	0.10 (0.07, 0.44)	0.13 (0.09, 0.49)	0.19 (0.07, 0.43)	0.12 (0.10, 0.42)	0.12 (0.09, 0.45)	0.26 (0.12, 0.52)
	Auto	0.14 (0.08, 0.27)	0.15 (0.10, 0.20)	0.15 (0.08, 0.18)	0.14 (0.06, 0.21)	0.21 (0.07, 0.13)	0.11 (0.08, 0.30)
	Control	0.16 (0.13, 0.18)	0.18 (0.13, 0.26)	0.15 (0.06, 0.21)	0.17 (0.12, 0.23)	0.15 (0.12, 0.19)	0.17 (0.07, 0.26)
	Healthy control	0.14 (0.09, 0.27)
Activated naive (bm2) cell proportion	Allo	0.25 (0.15, 0.25)^¶	0.30 (0.11, 0.33)	0.25 (0.14, 0.29)	0.25 (0.16, 0.30)	0.28 (0.14, 0.34)	0.04 (0.01, 0.15)^,#
	Auto	0.28 (0.14, 0.36)	0.25 (0.11, 0.41)	0.35 (0.16, 0.42)	0.26 (0.15, 0.39)	0.29 (0.15, 0.36)	0.16 (0.09, 0.27)^¶
	Control	0.32 (0.24, 0.39)	0.33 (0.23, 0.40)	0.40 (0.17, 0.41)	0.31 (0.21, 0.34)	0.32 (0.18, 0.39)	0.17 (0.08, 0.26)^,¶
	Healthy control	0.31 (0.25, 0.38)
Pregerminal (bm2) cell proportion	Allo	0.17 (0.05, 0.29)	0.10 (0.05, 0.19)	0.19 (0.08, 0.26)	0.12 (0.05, 0.17)	0.15 (0.04, 0.20)	0.005 (0.002, 0.060)^{^,¶}
	Auto	0.04 (0.01, 0.23)	0.03 (0.02, 0.15)	0.11 (0.03, 0.21)	0.05 (0.03, 0.21)	0.12 (0.70, 0.31)	0.11 (0.04, 0.14)
	Control	0.20 (0.12, 0.21)	0.15 (0.09, 0.20)	0.19 (0.05, 0.22)	0.11 (0.07, 0.24)	0.20 (0.11, 0.22)	0.06 (0.05, 0.31)
	Healthy control	0.19 (0.05, 0.33)
Germinal center- GC (bm3+4) cell proportion	Allo	0.05 (0.03, 0.09)	0.03 (0.01, 0.03)	0.05 (0.03, 0.08)	0.07 (0.02, 0.13)	0.06 (0.03, 0.09)^#	0.01 (0.001, 0.02)^{,^,§,¶}
	Auto	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)	0.02 (0.008, 0.39)	0.013 (0.008, 0.04)	0.02 (0.004, 0.10)	0.02 (0.008, 0.09)	0.05 (0.03, 0.09)^!
	Control	0.05 (0.03, 0.10)	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)	0.02 (0.01, 0.26)	0.07 (0.03, 0.14)	0.04 (0.02, 0.13)	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)
	Healthy control	0.02 (0.02, 0.04)
DN B cells	Allo	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)^§	0.07 (0.03, 0.14)	0.07 (0.02, 0.10)	0.05 (0.03, 0.08)	0.06 (0.02, 0.14)	0.15 (0.08, 0.34)
	Auto	0.18 (0.12, 0.35)!	0.21 (0.11, 0.34)!	0.18 (0.12, 0.29)!	0.14 (0.12, 0.28)!	0.15 (0.12, 0.25)	0.10 (0.08, 0.15)
	Control	0.13 (0.12, 0.23)	0.16 (0.11, 0.21)	0.09 (0.06, 0.26)	0.22 (0.08, 0.20)	0.12 (0.08, 0.17)	0.13 (0.08, 0.24)
	Healthy control	0.12 (0.03, 0.16)
B_NAI cell proportion	Allo	0.53 (0.30, 0.59)	0.49 (0.36, 0.62)	0.47 (0.37, 0.57)	0.59 (0.29, 0.60)	0.51 (0.41, 0.65)	0.45 (0.26, 0.54)
	Auto	0.44 (0.40, 0.54)^¶	0.40 (0.25, 0.50)	0.52 (0.31, 0.63)	0.43 (0.26, 0.60)	0.56 (0.28, 0.60)	0.53 (0.45, 0.63)
	Control	0.42 (0.20, 0.63)	0.42 (0.19, 0.59)	0.41 (0.09, 0.63)	0.31 (0.21, 0.49)	0.29 (0.17, 0.62)	0.41 (0.21, 0.64)
	Healthy control	0.67 (0.54, 0.82)
B_regs:CD4 effector cells	Allo	0.06 (0.03, 0.38)	0.02 (0.01, 0.18)	0.06 (0.04, 0.29)	0.06 (0.03, 0.20)	0.08 (0.03, 0.19)	0.01 (0.003, 0.03)
	Auto	0.02 (0.003, 0.03)	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)	0.01 (0.01, 0.02)	0.11 (0.02, 0.13)	0.05 (0.02, 0.43)	0.07 (0.02, 0.08)^!
	Control	0.04 (0.03, 0.05)	0.03 (0.01, 0.06)	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	0.07 (0.06, 0.30)	0.07 (0.02, 0.10)	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)
	Healthy control	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)
B_regs:CD8 effector cells	Allo	0.02 (0.01, 0.14)	0.01 (0.002, 0.06)	0.03 (0.01, 0.07)	0.01 (0.01, 0.083)	0.01 (0.01, 0.03)	0.002 (0.002, 0.01)^§
	Auto	0.01 (0.002, 0.01)	0.01 (0.003, 0.02)	0.005 (0.004, 0.01)	0.03 (0.005, 0.04)	0.01 (0.01, 0.11)	0.03 (0.005, 0.122)
	Control	0.01 (0.01, 0.02)	0.01 (0.01, 0.03)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.02 (0.02, 0.07)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.02(0.01, 0.15)
	Healthy control	0.01 (0.003, 0.03)
B₁₀:CD4 effector cells	Allo	1.25 (1.01, 2.90)	1.33 (0.86, 2.68)	1.18 (0.83, 2.41)	1.51 (1.04, 3.81)	2.20 (0.72, 4.93)	1.19 (0.68, 1.90)
	Auto	0.18 (0.12, 0.49)^!,¶	0.42 (027, 0.82)^!	0.23 (0.13, 0.55)	0.51 (0.27, 1.30)	1.17 (0.86, 1.7)^{,#, ^}	1.30 (0.29, 3.19)
	Control	0.63 (0.29, 1.79)	0.75 (0.36, 1.37)	0.48 (0.28, 4.65)	1.64 (0.30, 2.96)	0.63 (0.17, 1.64)	0.74 (0.27, 1.10)
	Healthy control	0.68 (0.42, 1.25)
B₁₀:CD8 effector cells	Allo	0.47 (0.35, 1.06)	0.38 (0.36, 0.76)	0.39 (0.30, 0.59)	0.50 (0.43, 1.33)	0.37 (0.30, 0.70)	0.47 (0.25, 1.44)
	Auto	0.08 (0.07, 0.22)^!,¶	0.25 (0.15, 0.44)	0.10 (0.07, 0.23)	0.11 (0.09, 0.35)	0.28 (0.21, 0.46)	0.70 (0.19, 1.56)
	Control	0.33 (0.10, 0.47)	0.37 (0.22, 0.48)	0.24 (0.15, 1.19)	0.31 (0.15, 0.54)	0.23 (0.08, 0.46)	0.50 (0.21, 1.96)
	Healthy control	0.38 (0.28, 0.62)
B_IM:CD4 effector cells	Allo	0.26 (0.17, 0.77)	0.18 (0.04, 0.34)	0.27 (0.20, 0.53)	0.30 (0.19, 0.43)	0.21 (0.10, 0.95)	0.03 (0.01, 0.16)^{,^,¶}
	Auto	0.05 (0.03, 0.12)^!,¶	0.04 (0.03, 0.08)	0.05 (0.04, 0.08)	0.08 (0.04, 0.23)	0.38 (0.10, 1.18)^{,#,^}	0.39 (0.18, 0.73)^{,#,^,!}
	Control	0.15 (0.09, 0.21)	0.06 (0.04, 0.17)	0.11 (0.05, 0.45)	0.22 (0.05, 0.55)	0.12 (0.07, 0.19)	0.14 (0.05, 0.44)
	Healthy control	0.27 (0.17, 0.61)
B_IM:CD8 effector cells	Allo	0.09 (0.06, 0.28)	0.05 (0.02, 0.10)	0.09 (0.08, 0.13)	0.05 (0.04, 0.59)	0.05 (0.04, 0.13)	0.03 (0.003, 0.05)^{,^,¶}
	Auto	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)^!,¶	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)^§	0.02 (0.01, 0.07)	0.07 (0.03, 0.31)	0.12 (0.06, 1.02)^{,#,^,!}
	Control	0.05 (0.04, 0.06)	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)	0.06 (0.03, 0.08)	0.05 (0.03, 0.10)	0.03 (0.02, 0.07)	0.10 (0.04, 1.45)
	Healthy control	0.16 (0.09, 0.36)
IL-2	Allo	136.70 (127.90, 146.20)^§	129.80 (124.60, 154.80)	132.00 (128.40, 135.60)	126.60 (124.70, 136.10)	141.80 (133.60, 156.90)	ND
	Auto	126.00 (119.70, 139.90)	127.30 (123.20, 132.30)	132.30 (124.10, 139.50)	130.40 (124.10, 133.20)	121.60 (117.20, 131.70)^!!	ND
	Control	119.70 (116.20, 124.10)	124.70 (74.66, 134.20)	120.30 (117.50, 126.60)	127.30 (109.60, 152.10)	122.20 (118.40, 161.30)	ND
TNF-α	Allo	107.10 (102.10, 115.30)	107.70 (104.10, 126.90)^§	106.20 (98.12, 109.00)	101.40 (100.50, 108.00)^§	104.60 (104.30, 112.50)	ND
	Auto	98.91 (92.61, 107.40)	96.39 (95.13, 100.80)^!	97.65 (96.39, 105.80)	92.61 (91.04, 104.3)	97.02 (88.2, 103.60)	ND
	Control	91.98 (87.57, 99.23)	92.61 (18.90, 96.71)	90.72 (80.33, 98.91)	89.46 (80.33, 91.67)	96.39 (89.46, 102.70)	ND
IFN-γ	Allo	101.40 (99.54, 104.00)	90.09 (85.05, 97.97)	104.90 (98.75, 109.60)^#,§	98.91 (93.24, 101.10)^§	100.8 (93.87, 105.20)	ND
	Auto	107.10 (88.20, 124.70)	93.24 (87.89, 94.82)	98.91 (87.88, 138.00)	95.76 (86.63, 103.00)	90.09 (87.57, 97.02)	ND
	Control	91.98 (90.09, 101.70)	97.02 (89.78, 115.30)	85.05 (73.40, 91.35)	84.42 (80.96, 96.08)	86.94 (77.49, 98.60)	ND
IL-17A	Allo	73.08 (72.45, 84.42)	75.6 (66.62, 88.83)	81.27 (74.97, 93.24)	78.12 (71.19, 86.94)	85.68 (78.75, 99.23)	ND
	Auto	78.75 (68.67, 95.13)	78.12 (75.92, 88.52)^§	74.97 (70.25, 82.53)	77.49 (70.88, 81.90)	77.49 (74.34, 83.16)	ND
	Control	78.12 (74.97, 91.04)	60.48 (26.46, 74.34)	60.48 (55.76, 75.92)	70.56 (64.89, 75.60)	67.41 (62.69, 103)	ND
IL-10	Allo	257.00 (256.40, 284.80)	268.10 (248.10, 353.30)	271.50 (266.30, 277.70)	257.00 (248.90, 293.30)	270.00 (265.50, 284.80)	ND
	Auto	262.70 (243.50, 280.00)	282.90 (252.60, 293.30)	259.60 (252.90, 292.30)	258.90 (256.40, 321.60)	259.60 (249.20, 264.00)^!	ND
	Control	245.10 (236.60, 269.00)	250.10 (232.20, 258.90)	248.90 (243.80, 263.70)	248.90 (241.00, 300.20)	261.50 (243.80, 275.00)	ND
TGF-β1 (ng/mL)	Allo	34.92 (18.09, 45.03)	16.63 (9.34, 34.78)	35.19 (14.34, 48.16)	41.06 (36.19, 49.19)	48.56 (38.38, 53.50)^#	69.81 (32.75, 106.90)
	Auto	23.94 (16.25, 36.75)	47.94 (34.94, 76.07)	40.44 (32.00, 65.50)	39.69 (28.82, 52.94)	41.56 (32.88, 53.25)	79.81 (25.22, 108.80)
	Control	22.31 (6.50, 36.82)	45.94 (28.82, 54.00)	47.19 (43.06, 51.13)	51.69 (38.50, 59.56)	50.31 (37.94, 53.94)	13.19 (9.81, 14.88)^{#,^}
	Healthy control	9.938 (8.44, 9.93)
IL-4	Allo	144.30 (136.10, 144.30)	137.00 (133.60, 146.20)	137.70 (134.00, 146.90)	133.60 (132.60, 138.00)	137.30 (130.40, 145.20)	ND
	Auto	141.80 (128.80, 145.80)	129.20 (120.60, 142.40)	136.70 (129.20, 141.10)	135.50 (123.50, 143.00)	132.90 (126.00, 134.80)	ND
	Control	127.30 (121.00, 137.70)	132.30 (53.24, 135.80)	130.40 (122.20, 140.20)	139.20 (117.50, 153.40)	129.20 (115.90, 139.50)	ND
IL-6	Allo	175.80 (144.30, 176.40)	124.40 (114.50, 142.40)	150.90 (140.30, 168.50)	131.00 (122.20, 182.10)^§§	133.60 (132.00, 149.00)^§§	ND
	Auto	141.10 (122.90, 186.50)	108.40 (104.00, 124.70)	120.30 (116.90, 196.40)	127.30 (119.40, 140.80)^,!!	123.50 (113.40, 128.20)^,!!	ND
	Control	159.40 (123.50, 163.50)	117.20 (59.54, 161.00)	117.80 (113.40, 166.30)	110.90 (94.82, 116.20)	107.10 (104.90, 122.90)	ND
Serum creatinine (Scr) (mg/dL)	Allo	9.6 (6.7, 10.3)	1.3 (1.17, 1.67)	1.18 (0.42, 1.50)	1.10 (0.77, 1.55)	1.30 (1.23, 1.45)	1.25 (1.10, 1.78)
	Auto	7.6 (6.8, 9.65)	1.40 (1.31, 1.77)	1.60 (1.22, 1.90)	1.33 (1.20, 1.71)	1.40 (1.13, 1.80)	1.20 (1.10, 1.62)
	Control	9.3 (8.9, 11.45)	1.44 (1.30, 1.50)	1.00 (0.75, 1.44)	1.18 (1.05, 1.36)	1.20 (1.01, 1.75)	1.12 (1.01, 1.64)
	Healthy control	0.85 (0.80, 0.90)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73m²)	Allo	6 (6, 11)	76 (55, 87)	87 (64, 202)	95 (60, 127)	78 (62, 92)	74 (51, 92)
	Auto	8 (6, 10)	52 (56, 74)	59 (49, 71)	69 (56, 75)	70 (53, 77)	85 (52, 92)
	Control	7 (4, 8)	64 (50, 71)	85 (62, 116)	78 (60, 90)	63 (54, 86)	74 (50, 94)
	Healthy control	94 (87, 100)

Note: values are provided as median (interquartile range). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test the differences between auto, allo, control, and healthy control groups. ND: not determined. Analysis within the groups: (a) significant differences from baseline are denoted as value ≤ 0.05 and value ≤ 0.005; (b) significant differences from day 30 are denoted as ^# value ≤ 0.05 and ^## value ≤ 0.005; and (c) significant differences from day 90 are denoted as ^{^} value ≤ 0.05 and ^{^^} value ≤ 0.005. Analysis between the groups: (a) significant differences in comparison to the allo group are denoted as ^! value ≤ 0.05 and ^!! value ≤ 0.005; (b) significant differences in comparison to the control group are denoted as ^§ value ≤ 0.05 and ^§§ value ≤ 0.005; and (c) significant differences in comparison to the healthy control group are denoted as ^¶ value ≤ 0.05 and ^¶¶ value ≤ 0.005.