Stage-Dependent Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Odontogenic Differentiation by Transforming Growth Factor-β1

Figure 3

Effect of TGF-β1 on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro (a) Images of ALP staining and ALP activity of DPSCs following range of concentrations of TGF-β1 (0-5 ng/mL) exposure for 7 days (50×). (b) Images and quantitative measurement of calcium mineral deposition stained by ARS staining in DPSCs cultured with the TGF-β1 concentrations for 14 days (50×). (c) Images of ALP staining and ALP activity of cells incubated with 1 ng/mL TGF-β1 at a range of time-points (days 3, 5, 10, 14) (50×). (d) Images and quantitative measurement of calcium mineral deposition stained by ARS staining in DPSCs following 1 ng/mL TGF-β1 exposure at different time-points (days 5, 7, 14, 21) (50×). (SD), , statistically significant difference at the levels and (ANOVA) compared with the control group. ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ARS: Alizarin Red S; DPSCs: dental pulp stem cells; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1.

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