Stage-Dependent Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Odontogenic Differentiation by Transforming Growth Factor-β1

Figure 5

Effect of TGF-β1 on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vivo. (a) Von Kossa staining in GM, OM, and TGF-β1 groups (blue arrow indicates hard tissue formation) (50×). (b) Collagen is dark blue following Masson trichrome staining (red arrows) (100×). (c) Measurement of the area of collagen formation. (SD), , statistically significant difference at the levels and (ANOVA). (d) Indirect immunofluorescence for human nuclear antigen (green fluorescence). GM: growth medium; DPSCs: dental pulp stem cells; OM: odonto-/osteo-genic medium; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)