Energy Metabolism and Lipidome Are Highly Regulated during Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Cells

Figure 2

Evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism during osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. (a) DFCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM), BMP2 differentiation medium, or control medium (DMEM) for one, seven, 14, and 28 days before protein expression of cytochrome c, prohibitin 1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV), pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) was determined by western blot analysis. Quantification results and statistical analysis are shown in the Supplementary Table 2. (b) DFCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM), BMP2 differentiation medium, or control medium (DMEM) for seven days before complex I activity was determined in isolated mitochondria. (c, d) DFCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM), BMP2 differentiation medium, or control medium (DMEM) for one, seven, 14, and 28 days before the amount of mitochondrial DNA relative to genomic DNA was measured by qPCR analysis (c) and protein expression of HIF-1α was determined by western blot analysis (, d). (e) DFCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM), BMP2 differentiation medium, or control medium (DMEM) for seven days. The amount of oxidized glutathione from total glutathione was measured as indicator for oxidative stress. Results are shown as , and Student’s -test was performed to compare differentiation medium with control medium at the same time point (b, c, e). , , .

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