The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Cell sources</td><td class="align_center">Advantages</td><td class="align_center">Disadvantages</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">BMSCs</td><td class="align_center">High chondrogenic differentiation potential</td><td class="align_center">Cumbersome and invasive procedure to obtain and low cell density in bone marrow aspirate</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">AD-MSCs</td><td class="align_center">Ease of bulk availability, low donor site morbidity, and high proliferation rates</td><td class="align_center">Lower differentiation potential than BMSCs</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">UC-MSCs</td><td class="align_center">Easy to obtain, low immunogenicity, and no ethical barriers</td><td class="align_center">Insufficient differentiation potential and high treatment costs</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">NP-MSCs</td><td class="align_center">Well adapted to the microenvironment of the IVD</td><td class="align_center">Lack of standard, reliable and efficient separation, and purification methods</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div>AD-MSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; IVD: intervertebral disc; NP-MSCs: nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSCs: umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.<br/></div></td></tr></table>

<div>Common types of MSCs and their characteristics.</div>

Stem Cells International

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Table 1

Table 1: The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells 