The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 3

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the biological behavior of MSCs.

Cell sources	Year	Team	Journal	Results	Reference
BMSCs	2007	Potier et al.	Tissue Eng	Serum deprivation (1% and 0% FBS) combined with hypoxia inhibited BMSC viability.	[112]
	2008	Wuertz et al.	Spine	IVD-like glucose (1.0 mg/mL) promoted BMSC proliferation and expression of aggrecan and collagen-I but had no effect on their viability.	[104]
	2015	Farrell et al.	Osteoarthritis Cartilage	Glucose deprivation (1.0 g/L) inhibited BMSC viability.	[107]
	2015	Naqvi and Buckley	J Anat	Under hypoxic conditions (5% O2), IVD-like glucose (5 mM) promoted the accumulation of sGAG and collagen compared with standard conditions (25 mM), whereas low glucose (1 mM) inhibited BMSC viability, proliferation, and accumulation of sGAG and collagen.	[108]
	2016	He et al.	Int J Mol Med	Oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation inhibited BMSC viability.	[119]
	2020	Liu et al.	Life Sci	Oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation inhibited BMSC viability and proliferation.	[120]
AD-MSCs	2007	Parker et al.	Cytotherapy	Both low-serum (0.5%) and serum-free maintained the chondrogenic differentiation ability of AD-MSCs.	[110]
	2012	Liang et al.	J Transl Med	IVD-like glucose (1.0 mg/mL) slightly inhibited AD-MSC viability but increased aggrecan expression.	[105]
	2016	Safwani et al.	Cytotechnology	Serum-free inhibited AD-MSC viability and proliferation but promoted their chondrogenic differentiation.	[111]
	2018	Takahashi et al.	Cell Transplant	Serum-free conditions inhibited the viability of AD-MSCs and BMSCs, and AD-MSCs exhibited a higher survival rate than BMSCs.	[89]
	2018	Ghorbani et al.	Nat Prod Res	Glucose-serum deprivation inhibited AD-MSC viability.	[114]
	2018	Wu et al.	Exp Ther Med	Oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation inhibited AD-MSC viability.	[121]
	2018	Li et al.	Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids	Oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation inhibited AD-MSC viability.	[122]
	2020	Abdolmaleki et al.	Cell Tissue Bank	Glucose-serum deprivation inhibited AD-MSC viability and proliferation.	[115]
	2021	Pang et al.	Drug Des Devel Ther	Serum deprivation combined with hypoxia inhibited AD-MSC viability.	[113]
	2022	Pan et al.	Cytotechnology	Serum deprivation inhibited AD-MSC viability, proliferation, and expression of stemness genes (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2).	[116]
	2022	Yang et al.	Biosci Rep	Glucose deprivation combined with hypoxia (1% O2) inhibited AD-MSC viability, proliferation, and migration.	[109]
NP-MSCs	2009	Jünger et al.	Spine	Limited glucose (2.0 mg/mL) inhibited NP-MSC viability compared with sufficient glucose (4.5 mg/mL).	[106]
	2020	Tian et al.	J Orthop Surg Res	Oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation inhibited NP-MSC viability, proliferation, and expression of aggrecan, collagen-I, and collagen-II.	[123]
PMSCs	2009	Huang et al.	Stem Cell Rev and Rep	Hypoxia (1% O2) and serum deprivation did not induce apoptosis in PMSCs.	[117]
	2010	Huang et al.	Cell biology international	Hypoxia (1% O2) promoted the proliferation of PMSCs, whereas serum deprivation inhibited the growth of PMSCs.	[118]

AD-MSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IVD: intervertebral disc; NP-MSCs: nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells; PMSCs: placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells; sGAG: sulphated glycosaminoglycans.