The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 5

Effects of osmotic cell pressure on the biological behavior of MSCs.

Cell sources	Year	Team	Journal	Results	Reference
BMSCs	2008	Wuertz et al.	Spine	IVD-like osmolarity (485 mOsm) inhibited BMSC viability, proliferation, and expression of aggrecan and collagen-I compared with controls (280 mOsm).	[104]
	2013	Caron et al.	Bone	The increased osmolarity (380 mOsm) promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs compared with controls ( mOsm).	[141]
AD-MSCs	2012	Liang et al.	J Transl Med	IVD-like osmolarity (485 mOsm) inhibited AD-MSC viability, proliferation, and expression of aggrecan and collagen-I compared with controls (280 mOsm).	[105]
	2016	Potočar et al.	PLoS One.	The increased osmolarity (400-600 mOsm) inhibited AD-MSC viability, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation potential compared with controls (300 mOsm).	[140]
	2018	Ahmadyan et al.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	All hyperosmolar conditions (350, 450, and 550 mOsm) promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs, and only NaCl 550 mOsm inhibited AD-MSC proliferation.	[142]
	2018	Ahmadyan et al.	Cell Mol Biol	Hyperosmolar conditions (450 mOsm) promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs compared with controls (350 mOsm).	[143]
	2020	Zhang et al.	Mol Cell Biochem	Compared with controls (300 mOsm), 400 mOsm osmolarity promoted NP-like differentiation of AD-MSCs, whereas 500 mOsm osmolarity inhibited NP-like differentiation of AD-MSCs and increased osmolarity (400 and 500 mOsm) inhibited their viability and proliferation.	[144]
	2021	Alinezhad-Bermi et al.	In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim	Certain dose of hyperosmolarity (480 mOsm) promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs compared with controls (350 mOsm).	[145]
NP-MSCs	2013	Tao et al.	Cell Biol Int	IVD-like osmolarity (400 mOsm) slightly inhibited NP-MSC viability and significantly inhibited their proliferation and expression of sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen-II compared with controls (280 mOsm).	[139]
	2018	Li et al.	Cells Tissues Organs	Compared with controls (300 mOsm), the hyperosmolarity (430 and 500 mOsm) of healthy IVD inhibited the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of NP-MSCs, whereas the relative hyperosmolarity (400 mOsm) promoted their proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation.	[146]

AD-MSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs: bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells; IVD: intervertebral disc; NP: nucleus pulposus; NP-MSCs: nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells.