BMSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Modulating AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy of Nucleus Pulposus Cells

Figure 2

BMSC-Exo inhibits NPC apoptosis by promoting autophagy: (a) the integrated optical density (IOD) of NPCs treated with LPS gradient concentration; (b) IOD of NPCs treated with BMSC-Exo gradient concentration; (c) the mRNA expression of NPCs after incubation with LPS, BMSC-Exo, or 3-MA; (d–g) protein levels of autophagy and apoptosis-related protein (Col2a1, Baxter, LC3, Beclin-1, and Cleaved Caspase-3) in NPCs after being treated with LPS, BMSC-Exo, or 3-MA. . Data are presented as . Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s -test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ; .

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