Research Article
Metformin Ameliorates D-Galactose-Induced Senescent Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Autophagy
Figure 5
Metformin significantly ameliorated D-gal-induced senescent hBMSCs, but not unsenescent hBMSCs. (a) Quantification of intracellular ROS levels by flow cytometry. (b) Representative images of SA-β-Gal-positive hBMSCs, scale bar, 100 μm. (c) Quantification of MMP by flow cytometry. (d) Analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. (e–h) The expressions of p16INK4a, p21Waf1/Cip1, and p53 proteins were detected by western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as a control. (i–k) The expressions of AMPKα, p-AMPKα, and LC3 proteins were detected by western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as a control. for each group. Data shown are . Analysis of variance (ANOVA). , , , and versus the D-gal group; ns: not significant.
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