TNF-α Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of MenSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Macrophage Polarization by miR-24-3p

<div>MenSCs-sEVTNF-α converts M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages in vitro. (a) Raw264.7 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml LPS and 100 ng/ml IL-4 or 100 μg/ml small EVs to measure the ratio of M2 by flow cytometry. IL-4 was used as a positive control. (b) The level of macrophage polarization was measured in murine bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) treated with MenSCs-sEV (100 μg/ml) or MenSCs-sEVTNF-α (100 μg/ml) by flow cytometry. (c) The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, IFN-γ, iNOS, and Arg1 of RAW264.7 after different treatments were detected by PCR. (d) PKH26-labeled MenSCs-sEV and MenSCs-sEVTNF-α were absorbed by RAW264.7 cells, which were stained with FITC-phalloidine and DAPI and observed with confocal microscopy.</div>

Stem Cells International

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Figure 5

Figure 5: TNF-α Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of MenSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Macrophage Polarization by miR-24-3p

Figure 5 | TNF-α Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of MenSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Macrophage Polarization by miR-24-3p 