Comparison of Biological Properties and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Mesoderm and Ectoderm

Table 2

The multiple differentiation potential and the derivation of ectodermal MSCs.

Cell type	PD	Multipotentiality	Source	Reference
DPSCs	60-70	Osteogenic	Human impacted third molar (age 18–22 years old)	[49]
			Rat	[50]
		Angiogenic	Human impacted third molar (age 18-25 years)	[51]
		Adipogenic	Supernumerary tooth (female, 8 years, and male, 12 years)	[52]
		Neurogenic	Human impacted third molars (age 20-30 years)	[53]
			Human impacted third molars	[54]
			Human impacted third molars (age 18–22 years)	[55]
			Human impacted third molars	[56]
		Dentin/pulp-like	Human impacted third molars (age 15-25 years)	[57]
			Human impacted third molar (11 years old)	[58]
DFSCs	—	Chondrogenesis	Rat	[59]
			Healthy children (age 6-12 years)	[60]
		Osteogenic	Rat	[61]
			Healthy children (age 6-12 years)	[60]
		Adipogenic	Healthy children (age 6-12 years)	[60]
			Human impacted third molar (female, 22 years)	[52]
		Neurogenic	Impacted third molar (age 18–22 years)	[55]
SCAPs	70	Angiogenesis	Human impacted third molars (age 12-15 years)	[62]
		Neurogenic	Human impacted third molars (age 18-22 years)	[55]
		Osteo/dentinogenic	Human impacted third molars (age 12-15 years)	[63]
SHEDs	<140	Neurogenic	Healthy children (age 7-8 years)	[64]
		Adipogenic	Healthy children (age 7-8 years)	[64]
		Osteo/dentinogenic	Healthy children (age 7-8 years)	[64]
		Chondrogenesis	Healthy children (age 7-8 years)	[64]
		Angiogenesis	Healthy children (age 7-8 years)	[65]
PDLSCs	—	Adipogenic	Supernumerary tooth (male, 12 years)	[52]
		Osteogenesis	Human periodontal ligament	[66]
				[67]
				[68]
		Angiogenesis	Human impacted third molars	[69]
		Adipogenic	Human periodontal ligament	[70]
		Chondrogenesis	Human periodontal ligament	[70]
GMSCs	—	Adipogenic	Human gingiva	[12]
		Chondrogenesis	Human gingiva	[12]
		Osteogenesis	Human gingiva	[12]
			Human gingiva	[71]
			Human gingiva (16 to 22 years old)	[72]
		Angiogenesis	Human gingiva	[73]
		Neurogenic	Human gingiva (20 to 40 years old)	[74]
OMSCs	—	Neurogenic	Rat	[75]
			Human olfactory mucosa	[76]
		Osteogenesis	Human olfactory mucosa	[76]
				[77]
JMSCs	50-60	Osteogenesis	Mouse jaw bone	[78]
				[35]
		Adipogenic	Mouse jaw bone	[35]
		Chondrogenesis	Mouse jaw bone	[35]

Abbreviation: PD: population doubling.