Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Three-Dimensional-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Inflammation and Dedifferentiation in Pancreatic Islets

Figure 2

3D hUCB-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and M2 polarization of pancreatic macrophages. (a) Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface molecules CD206 and CD80 on pancreatic macrophages cultured with monolayer (2D) and 25 K 3D hUCB-MSC-derived EVs. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). Significance of difference was determined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s posttest. (b) Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface molecules CD206 and CD80 on macrophages cultured in the presence of EVs isolated from the supernatants of 2D- or 3D-cultured (2.5 K and 25 K) hUCB-MSCs. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). (c) Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface molecules CD206 and CD80 on pancreatic macrophages cultured in the presence of EVs isolated from the supernatants of hUCB-MSCs that were unstimulated or preconditioned with hypoxia or cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ, each 40 ng/mL). The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). (d) Medium concentrations of TGF-β and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). Significance of difference was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest. Columns, mean; bars, SD. , , , and compared to the control group.

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