Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Three-Dimensional-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Inflammation and Dedifferentiation in Pancreatic Islets

Figure 4

Effects of 3D hUCB-MSC-derived EVs on the expression of cytokines and insulin secretion of islets. Islets isolated from hIAPP^+/- mice were cultured under four conditions: media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS; FBS group), media supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) without FBS (BSA group), media supplemented with BSA without FBS but with 2D hUCB-MSC (BSA+2D EV group), and media supplemented with BSA without FBS but with 3D hUCB-MSC (BSA+3D EV group). (a) Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 in hIAPP^+/- islet cells treated with EV produced by 2D- or 3D-cultured hUCB-MSCs were measured using qRT-PCR. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). (b) Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of hIAPP^+/- mouse islets in each group. GSIS was evaluated using ELISA at 48 h after statin incubation of islets in low (60 mg/dL) and high (300 mg/dL) glucose. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in three separate sample runs (). (c) Medium concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and HMGB1 were measured by ELISA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements in four separate sample runs (). Columns, mean; bars, SD. , , , and . ^†, ^††, ^†††, and ^†††† compared to the BSA group by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posttest.

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