The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Tumor Development and Targeted Antitumor Therapies

Table 3

MSC as delivery of chemotherapeutic agent.

Cancer type	MSC group	In vivo/in vitro	Agents	Methods	Main results	Reference
Breast cancer	Dental pulp MSCs/BM-MSCs	In vitro	PTX	Incubated for 12 h with 10 μM PTX	Induce apoptosis	[63]
Ovarian cancer	AT-MSC	In vitro	PTX	Exposed to 2 μg/mL PTX for 24 h	Inhibit ovarian cancer spheroid growth and overcome paclitaxel resistance	[64]
Pancreatic carcinoma	Interdental papilla MSCs	In vitro	PTX	Exposed to 2 μg/mL PTX for 24 h	Against pancreatic carcinoma cells	[65]
Pancreatic carcinoma and glioblastoma	AT-MSCs	In vitro	PTX	MSCs were engineered with TRAIL	MSCs-TRAIL primed with PTX resulted in an increased antitumor efficacy	[66]
Oral squamous cell carcinoma	G-MSC	In vitro	PTX, DOX, GCB	Exposed to 2 μg/mL PTX, DXR, or GCB for 24 hours	Inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma growth	[67]
Malignant pleural mesothelioma	BM-MSC	In vitro	PTX, PMX	Exposed to 2 μg/mL PMX or PTX for 24 h	Inhibit the in vitro proliferation	[68]
Breast cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer	BM-MSC	In vivo and in vitro	DOX	Incubated for 12 h with 5 μM DOX	Enhanced cytotoxic effects	[69]
Pancreatic cancer	BM-MSC/MSC derived from pancreatic tissues	In vitro	GCB	Subconfluent MSC cultures ( cells) were exposed to 2000 ng/mL of GCB. Twenty-four hours later	Inhibit the growth	[70]
Lung melanoma metastases	AT-MSC	In vivo and in vitro	Nano-DOX	PLGA-DOX with the concentration ranging from 10 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL were incubated with MSCs for 1 h	Improved drug concentration in the lungs and sites of metastasis and enhanced antitumor efficacy	[71]
Lung carcinoma	BM-MSC	In vivo	Nano PTX	Incubated with nano-PTX (100 μg/mL) for 4 h at 37°C with occasional stirring	Significantly improved anticancer efficacy at a considerably reduced dose of the drug	[72]
Glioma	BM-MSC	In vivo and in vitro	Nano -DOX	A final concentration of 100 μg/mL or 1 mg/mL nano-DOX was added to the cells and incubated for different times	Increased and prolonged intratumoral drug distribution results in enhanced tumor cell apoptosis.	[73]

MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSC: umbilical cord MSC; AT-MSC: adipose tissue MSC; BM-MSC: bone marrow MSC; UCB-MSCs: umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells; G-MSC: gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; PTX: paclitaxel; DOX: doxorubicin; GCB: gemcitabine; PMX: pemetrexed.