The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Tumor Development and Targeted Antitumor Therapies

Table 4

MSC as delivery of oncolytic virus.

Cancer types	MSC groups	In vivo/in vitro	Agents	Route of administration	Main results	Reference
Pancreatic tumor	BM-MSCs	In vivo and in vitro	OADV	i.v.	Tumor growth inhibition by induction of apoptotic cell death and degradation of tumor extracellular matrix	[74]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	BM-MSCs	In vivo and in vitro	OADV	i.v.	OADV-MSC resulted in markedly 8.1-fold antitumor activity than OADV alone at 35 days postimplantation	[75]
Colorectal cancer	MB-MSCs	In vivo and in vitro	OADV(CRAd5/F11)	Coculture in vitro i.v. in vivo	Inhibit tumor growth	[76]
Lung cancer	AT-MSCs	In vivo an in vivo	OADV(ICOVIR5)	i.t.	Inhibit the growth of tumors in vivo	[77]
Pancreatic cancer	BM-MSCs	In vitro	OADV		Improved tumor cell killing	[78]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	UC-MSCs	In vivo and in vitro	OADV	i.v.	Tumor inhibition on both orthotopic and subcutaneous hepatic xenograft tumor model mice	[79]
Lung adenocarcinoma	MB-MSCs	In vivo	OADV(ICOVIR15-cBiTE)	i.p.	ICOVIR15-cBITE-loaded MB-MSCs enhance antitumor efficacy	[80]
Malignant glioblastoma	BM-MSCs	In vivo and in vitro	OHSV	Stereotactically implanted into the brains	Induce apoptosis-mediated killing and prolonged median survival	[81]
Brain metastatic melanomas	MSC and mMSC	In vivo and in vitro	OHSV	Intracarotid	Track metastatic tumor deposits in the brain, suppress brain tumor growth and prolong survival in mouse models of melanoma brain metastasis	[82]
Breast cancer metastases to the brain/ovarian cancer lung metastases	Fetal membrane-derived MSCs	In vivo	OHSV	i.v.	Tumor growth inhibition of lung and brain metastases	[83]
Liver cancer	BM-MSCs	In vivo	OMV	i.v.	Inhibition of tumor growth in both measles antibody-naïve and passively-immunized SCID mice	[84]
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	BM-MSCs	In vivo	OMV	i.v.	Inhibition of cancer development in a murine model of disseminated ALL following MSC-mediated delivery of OMV	[85]

MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSC: umbilical cord MSC; AT-MSC: adipose tissue MSC; BM-MSC: bone marrow MSC; OV: oncolytic virus; OADV: oncolytic adenovirus; OHSV: oncolytic herpes simplex virus; OMV: oncolytic measles virus.