BMSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway to Reverse Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Figure 1

Identification of BMSCs and BMSC-exos. (a) The morphology of BMSCs was observed with an inverted microscope. (b–d) The multidifferentiation potential of BMSCs was identified, respectively, with Alizarin red S staining (b), oil red O staining (c), or Alcian blue staining (d) in vitro. (e–h) The extracted exosomes from BMSCs were further validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. (e) TEM showed that BMSC-derived exosomes’ morphology was circular and cup-shaped (100-200 nm in diameter). (f) NTA showed BMSC-exo size distribution. (g) Western blotting showed that BMSC-exos have specialized markers CD63 and TSG101. (h) Immunofluorescence image showing MLE-12 cells incubated with PKH67-labeled BMSC-exos (green) for 24 hours. Cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue).

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