Review Article

Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Literature Review

Table 3

The main role of the growth factors.

Growth factorMain mechanism

TGF-βOsteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation
BMPsChondrogenic, osteogenic, and osteoinductive
bFGFAngiogenesis, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation
NGFPromoting bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation
PDGFOsteogenic and endothelial differentiation with gene expression
IGFAnabolic and catabolic effects on osteogenesis
VEGFOsteoinductive, chemotactic, and angiogenesis
FGFAngiogenesis, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation

TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins; BFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor.