Neuroprotective Effect of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium (WJMSC-CM) on Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment by Improving Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis

Figure 5

Effects of WJMSC-CM and insulin on anxiety-like behaviors in open field tasks in diabetic rats. Compared to the untreated diabetic group, one-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated a decrease in peripheral time (a) and an increase in central time (b) in WJMSC-CM- and insulin-treated diabetic rats, but only significant in the Dia + INS group. The grooming number was restored to the control level in both Dia + CM and Dia + INS groups (c). The administration of WJMSC-CM and insulin significantly increased the total distance traveled (d) in WJMSC-CM- and insulin-treated diabetic groups. The values are presented as (). Significant differences versus the control (, ) and diabetes rats (^#, ^###, ^####). Con: control; Dia: diabetes; Dia + CM: WJMSC-CM-treated diabetic group; Dia + INS: insulin-treated diabetic group; Dia + DMEM: DMEM-treated diabetic group.

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